HydroPumpTurbine with Energy Model

To follow along, you can download this tutorial as a Julia script (.jl) or Jupyter notebook (.ipynb).

Load packages

using PowerSystems
using PowerSimulations
using HydroPowerSimulations
using PowerSystemCaseBuilder
using HiGHS ## solver

Data

sys = build_system(PSITestSystems, "c_sys5_hydro_pump_energy")

With a single PowerSystems.HydroPumpTurbine connected to two PowerSystems.HydroReservoir (head and tail reservoirs of the turbine):

hy = only(get_components(HydroPumpTurbine, sys))

reservoir_head = get_component(HydroReservoir, sys, "Bat_head_reservoir")
reservoir_tail = get_component(HydroReservoir, sys, "Bat_tail_reservoir")

HydroReservoir: Bat_tail_reservoir:
   name: Bat_tail_reservoir
   available: true
   storage_level_limits: (min = 0.0, max = 0.0)
   initial_level: 0.0
   spillage_limits: nothing
   inflow: 0.0
   outflow: 0.0
   level_targets: nothing
   intake_elevation: 0.0
   head_to_volume_factor: InfrastructureSystems.LinearCurve(0.0, 0.0)
   upstream_turbines: 1-element Vector{PowerSystems.HydroUnit}
   downstream_turbines: 0-element Vector{PowerSystems.HydroUnit}
   upstream_reservoirs: 1-element Vector{PowerSystems.Device}
   operation_cost: 
   level_data_type: PowerSystems.ReservoirDataTypeModule.ReservoirDataType.USABLE_VOLUME = 1
   ext: Dict{String, Any}()
   InfrastructureSystems.SystemUnitsSettings:
      base_value: 100.0
      unit_system: InfrastructureSystems.UnitSystemModule.UnitSystem.SYSTEM_BASE = 0
   has_supplemental_attributes: false
   has_time_series: false

Note that the reservoirs has a level_data_type of ENERGY, that implies its storage level limits data are in MWh. That means that the available capacity of the head reservoir is between 5.0 and 400 MWh, while the tail reservoir is set to zero, implying an infinite tail reservoir.

Decision Model

Setting up the formulations based on PowerSimulations.jl:

template = ProblemTemplate(PTDFPowerModel)
set_device_model!(template, ThermalStandard, ThermalBasicDispatch)
set_device_model!(template, PowerLoad, StaticPowerLoad)
set_device_model!(template, Line, StaticBranch)

but, now we also include the HydroTurbine using HydroPumpEnergyDispatch:

pump_model = DeviceModel(
    HydroPumpTurbine,
    HydroPumpEnergyDispatch;
    attributes = Dict{String, Any}(
        "reservation" => true,
        "energy_target" => false,
    ),
    time_series_names = Dict(),
)
set_device_model!(template, pump_model)

The HydroPumpEnergyDispatch(@ref) is a closed model for turbine and must be connected to independent reservoirs (not connected with other HydroTurbine). For that reason it is not needed to include a model of HydroEnergyModelReservoir. When the attribute reservation is set-up to true it does not allow to simultaneously use the pump and turbine, forcing one of those variables to zero. The energy_target attributes allow to include a final target for the head reservoir based on its level_targets field.

In addition, the time_series_names is set-up to an empty dictionary. By default, the HydroPumpEnergyDispatch(@ref) model allows to include limits on the capacity and max_active_power at each time step if the user need it by properly setting up those time series (similar to a HydroDispatchRunOfRiver model)

time_series_names = Dict(
    ActivePowerTimeSeriesParameter => "max_active_power",
    EnergyCapacityTimeSeriesParameter => "capacity",
)

With the template properly set-up, we construct, build and solve the optimization problem:

model = DecisionModel(template, sys; optimizer = HiGHS.Optimizer)
build!(model; output_dir = mktempdir())
solve!(model)

InfrastructureSystems.Simulation.RunStatusModule.RunStatus.SUCCESSFULLY_FINALIZED = 0

Exploring Results

Results can be explored using:

res = OptimizationProblemResults(model)

Start: 2024-01-01T00:00:00

End: 2024-01-01T23:00:00

Resolution: 60 minutes

Use read_variable to read in the dispatch variable results for the hydro:

var = read_variable(
    res,
    "ActivePowerVariable__HydroPumpTurbine";
    table_format = TableFormat.WIDE,
)

its pump usage

var = read_variable(
    res,
    "ActivePowerPumpVariable__HydroPumpTurbine";
    table_format = TableFormat.WIDE,
)

and reserve commitment (enabled with reservation = true):

var =
    read_variable(
        res,
        "ReservationVariable__HydroPumpTurbine";
        table_format = TableFormat.WIDE,
    )

HydroPumpEnergyDispatch does not track stored energy in reservoirs. If you need an MWh trajectory as an optimization state, add a HydroEnergyModelReservoir formulation for the connected reservoirs.